Effects of a Changing World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effects of a Changing World - Essay Example The areas affected most by the change from a bipolar world ruled by the U.S and the Soviet Union include the nature of intelligence gathered, changing use of intelligence by the government, and the influence of these intelligence on U.S domestic and foreign policies (Martland, 2008). For instance, as other powers such as China and Brazil continue to rise, the U.S intelligence has been forced to form unique intelligence alliances with its allies such as the British (Martland, 2008). Specifically, the social, economic, cultural, and political hegemony that emerged and spread in the 1990s implied that the U.S intelligence community had to treat intelligence as a hegemonic concept to gain insight into other societies. In particular, the current social hegemony in which people have the freedom and the right to exercise their civil powers has made the U.S intelligence community to change their perception towards intelligence (Dieseldorff, 2009).Thus, due to the civil powers brought about b y social, political, cultural, and economic hegemony, the intelligence community recognizes that hegemonic concepts have to be normalized (Dieseldorff, 2009). This changing nature of the world has quite a number of implications for the U.S intelligence community. For instance, the U.S intelligence is currently designed to establish and promote a culture of imperialism in which the U.S tries to dictate not only the internal affairs of other countries but also their social and economic features. For illustration, besides supporting the Iraqi and the Afghani Wars, the U.S intelligence has supported the installation and the creation of internal and sponsored governments in these subordinate states. Martland, P. (2008). â€Å"Spooks and Spies: a History of the British and US Intelligence Communities, 1909 to the Present†. Retrieved on September 2, 2012 from

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Environmental Toxicology Essay

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Environmental Toxicology - Essay Example According to studies it has been found that certain POPs such as chlordane, toxaphene and mirex have the ability to induce hepatotoxicity-related genes. These genes were induced in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and were evaluated by using microarray and gene ontology studies. It was observed that certain pathways which were associated with hepatotoxicity such as metabolism of xenobiotics by apoptosis complement and coagulation cascades and cell cycle regulation, were up-regulated or down-regulated by POPs. POPs have the ability to express different genes and also help in understanding the hepatotoxic mechanism of POPs (Choi, Song, Lee, & Ryu, 2013). POPs are an important aspect of environmental toxicology and have been increasingly associated with increased risk of cancer and tumor pathogenesis. POPs belong to environmental endocrine disruptors or are an important part of aquatic ecosystem. It has been difficult to assess the toxinogenomic effects of POPs however an important mechanism is by their action on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in the fish. Through this pathway they induce cytosolic complex formation, translocation of the receptor and induction of the CYP1A (Zhou, et al., 2010). These effects are a step forward in understanding the toxicology of the POPs, however, stll further research is required in this challenging aspect of the POP mechanism. Zhou, H., Wu, H., Liao, C., Diao, X., Zhen, J., Chen, L., & Xue, Q. (January 01, 2010). Toxicology mechanism of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in fish through AhR pathway.  Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods,  20,  6,